Valor del ultrasonido endoscópico en el diagnóstico de las lesiones subepiteliales del tracto gastrointestinal / Value of endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis of subepithelial lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

Introducción: El ultrasonido endoscópico (USE) es el método de mayor valor y el que con más frecuencia se emplea en la evaluación de las lesiones subepiteliales del tracto digestivo, como lo han demostrado grandes estudios multicéntricos. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia con el uso del ultrasonido endoscópico en el diagnóstico de las lesiones subepiteliales del tracto gastrointestinal. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo desde mayo 2016 hasta enero 2018 en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas (CIMEQ) de La Habana, Cuba. La muestra quedó conformada por un total de 26 pacientes en los que predominó el sexo femenino con edades comprendidas entre 43 y 80 años. Resultados: La dispepsia fue el síntoma más reportado, así como los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal, seguido de los lipomas el diagnóstico más frecuente. En la mayoría de los pacientes se decidió una conducta quirúrgica. Conclusiones: El ultrasonido endoscópico es un método seguro, de mínima invasión y nos permite decidir la conducta a seguir en la mayoría de los pacientes con lesiones subepiteliales(AU)

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasonography is the method of highest value and the most frequently used in the evaluation of subepithelial lesions of the digestive tract, as it has been shown in large multicenter studies. Objective: To describe the experience gained in the use of endoscopic ultrasonography for the diagnosis of subepithelial lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Method: A prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted in the Center of Medical and Surgical Research of Havana from May 2016 to January 2018. The final sample was made up of 26 patients, mainly women, aged 43 to 80 years. Results: Dyspepsia was the most reported symptom as well as the most frequent diagnosis was gastrointestinal stroma tumors followed by lipomas. Surgical treatment was decided to be applied in most of these patients. Conclusions: The endoscopic ultrasonography is a safe, minimally invasive method that allows making decisions on the behavior to be followed in the treatment of most of the patients with subepithelial lesions(AU)

Valor del ultrasonido endoscópico en el diagnóstico de las lesiones subepiteliales del tracto gastrointestinal / Value of endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis of subepithelial lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

Introducción: El ultrasonido endoscópico (USE) es el método de mayor valor y el que con más frecuencia se emplea en la evaluación de las lesiones subepiteliales del tracto digestivo, como lo han demostrado grandes estudios multicéntricos. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia con el uso del ultrasonido endoscópico en el diagnóstico de las lesiones subepiteliales del tracto gastrointestinal. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo desde mayo 2016 hasta enero 2018 en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas (CIMEQ) de La Habana, Cuba. La muestra quedó conformada por un total de 26 pacientes en los que predominó el sexo femenino con edades comprendidas entre 43 y 80 años. Resultados: La dispepsia fue el síntoma más reportado, así como los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal, seguido de los lipomas el diagnóstico más frecuente. En la mayoría de los pacientes se decidió una conducta quirúrgica. Conclusiones: El ultrasonido endoscópico es un método seguro, de mínima invasión y nos permite decidir la conducta a seguir en la mayoría de los pacientes con lesiones subepiteliales(AU)

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasonography is the method of highest value and the most frequently used in the evaluation of subepithelial lesions of the digestive tract, as it has been shown in large multicenter studies. Objective: To describe the experience gained in the use of endoscopic ultrasonography for the diagnosis of subepithelial lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Method: A prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted in the Center of Medical and Surgical Research of Havana from May 2016 to January 2018. The final sample was made up of 26 patients, mainly women, aged 43 to 80 years. Results: Dyspepsia was the most reported symptom as well as the most frequent diagnosis was gastrointestinal stroma tumors followed by lipomas. Surgical treatment was decided to be applied in most of these patients. Conclusions: The endoscopic ultrasonography is a safe, minimally invasive method that allows making decisions on the behavior to be followed in the treatment of most of the patients with subepithelial lesions(AU)

Encefalopatía hiperamoniémica secundaria a infección urinaria por germen productor de ureasa: Caso clínico pediátrico / Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to urinary tract infection by urea splitting bacteria: A pediatric case report

El incremento del amonio en sangre, hiperamoniemia, es pasible de provocar compromiso neurológico al atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica. La causa más frecuente y conocida de hiperamoniemia es la alteración en la función hepática. Sin embargo, se deben considerar otras patologías, de menor frecuencia y poco conocidas. La infección del tracto urinario por gérmenes productores de ureasa debe ser contemplada a pesar de ser infrecuente en pediatría. Se reporta el caso de un niño con encefalopatía aguda grave, con niveles elevados de amonio en sangre, en quien, luego de descartar otros diagnósticos diferenciales, se asumió el cuadro como hiperamoniemia secundaria a infección del tracto urinario por Corynebacterium riegelii, un germen productor de ureasa. Se implementaron medidas generales de tratamiento para la encefalopatía hiperamoniémica y tratamiento antibiótico específico, con buena evolución el paciente.

Elevated level of ammonia in the blood, defined as hyperammonemia, is feasible to cause neurological symptoms when crossing the blood-brain barrier. The most frequent and studied cause of hyperammonemia is liver failure. Nevertheless, other less frequent and known etiologies must be considered. Urinary tract infection caused by urea-splitting bacteria, despite being unusual in pediatric patients, must be taken into account. We report a pediatric patient with severe acute encephalopathy and high levels of ammonia in blood. After ruling out other causes of hyperammonemia, it was assumed secondary to urinary tract infection by Corynebacterium riegelii, a ureasplitting bacteria. General treatment for hyperammonemic encephalopathy was established, as well as specific treatment with antibiotics. The patient evolved favorably.

[Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to urinary tract infection by urea splitting bacteria. A pediatric case report]. / Encefalopatía hiperamoniémica secundaria a infección urinaria por germen productor de ureasa. Caso clínico pediátrico.

Elevated level of ammonia in the blood, defined as hyperammonemia, is feasible to cause neurological symptoms when crossing the blood-brain barrier. The most frequent and studied cause of hyperammonemia is liver failure. Nevertheless, other less frequent and known etiologies must be considered. Urinary tract infection caused by urea-splitting bacteria, despite being unusual in pediatric patients, must be taken into account. We report a pediatric patient with severe acute encephalopathy and high levels of ammonia in blood. After ruling out other causes of hyperammonemia, it was assumed secondary to urinary tract infection by Corynebacterium riegelii, a ureasplitting bacteria. General treatment for hyperammonemic encephalopathy was established, as well as specific treatment with antibiotics. The patient evolved favorably.

El incremento del amonio en sangre, hiperamoniemia, es pasible de provocar compromiso neurológico al atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica. La causa más frecuente y conocida de hiperamoniemia es la alteración en la función hepática. Sin embargo, se deben considerar otras patologías, de menor frecuencia y poco conocidas. La infección del tracto urinario por gérmenes productores de ureasa debe ser contemplada a pesar de ser infrecuente en pediatría. Se reporta el caso de un niño con encefalopatía aguda grave, con niveles elevados de amonio en sangre, en quien, luego de descartar otros diagnósticos diferenciales, se asumió el cuadro como hiperamoniemia secundaria a infección del tracto urinario por Corynebacterium riegelii, un germen productor de ureasa. Se implementaron medidas generales de tratamiento para la encefalopatía hiperamoniémica y tratamiento antibiótico específico, con buena evolución el paciente.

Allium sativum Compared to Cilostazol as an Inhibitor of Myointimal Hyperplasia.

Objective: Intimal hyperplasia is associated with graft failure and vascular sutures in the first year after surgery and in postangioplasty restenosis. Allium sativum (common garlic) lowers cholesterol and has antioxidant effects; it also has antiplatelet and antitumor properties and, therefore, has great potential to reduce or inhibit intimal hyperplasia of the arteries. Our objective is to determine if the garlic has an efficacy to inhibit myointimal hyperplasia compared to cilostazol. Methods: Female New Zealand rabbits were divided into the following groups (n=10 each) according to treatment: group A, garlic, 800 µg×kg-1×day-1, orally; group C, cilostazol, 50 mg.day-1, orally; group PS, 10 ml of 0.9% physiological saline solution, orally. Our primary is the difference of the mean of myointimal hyperplasia. Statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA and Tukey tests, as well as the Chi-square test. We calculated the 95% confidence interval for each point estimate, and the P value was set as < 0.05. Results: Group PS had a mean hyperplasia rate of 35.74% (95% CI, 31.76-39.71%); group C, 16.21% (95% CI, 13.36-19.05%); and group A, 21.12% (95% CI, 17.26-25.01%); P < 0.0001. Conclusion: We conclude that Allium sativum had the same efficacy in inhibiting myointimal hyperplasia when compared to the positive control, cilostazol.

Allium sativum compared to cilostazol as an inhibitor of myointimal hyperplasia

Abstract Objective: Intimal hyperplasia is associated with graft failure and vascular sutures in the first year after surgery and in postangioplasty restenosis. Allium sativum (common garlic) lowers cholesterol and has antioxidant effects; it also has antiplatelet and antitumor properties and, therefore, has great potential to reduce or inhibit intimal hyperplasia of the arteries. Our objective is to determine if the garlic has an efficacy to inhibit myointimal hyperplasia compared to cilostazol. Methods: Female New Zealand rabbits were divided into the following groups (n=10 each) according to treatment: group A, garlic, 800 µg×kg-1×day-1, orally; group C, cilostazol, 50 mg.day-1, orally; group PS, 10 ml of 0.9% physiological saline solution, orally. Our primary is the difference of the mean of myointimal hyperplasia. Statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA and Tukey tests, as well as the Chi-square test. We calculated the 95% confidence interval for each point estimate, and the P value was set as < 0.05. Results: Group PS had a mean hyperplasia rate of 35.74% (95% CI, 31.76–39.71%); group C, 16.21% (95% CI, 13.36–19.05%); and group A, 21.12% (95% CI, 17.26–25.01%); P<0.0001. Conclusion: We conclude that Allium sativum had the same efficacy in inhibiting myointimal hyperplasia when compared to the positive control, cilostazol.

Revisión de ligamento cruzado anterior con aumentación extraarticular de Lemaire en deportistas de contacto con alta exigencia. Reporte preliminar de casos y descripción de técnica quirúrgica / ACL revision with extra-articular side plastic Lemaire procedure in young contact athletes

Introducción: Las plásticas extra-articulares laterales (EAL) en la rodilla pueden ser utilizados como un procedimiento combinado en cirugías de revisión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es analizar los resultados de la técnica de Lemaire como aumentación EAL en revisiones de cirugías fallidas del LCA en deportistas jóvenes de contacto. Reportando nuestra experiencia inicial de pacientes tratados con esta técnica. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de una serie de 8 pacientes deportistas jóvenes de contacto, la edad promedio fue de 24 años, con diagnóstico de inestabilidad de rodilla por ruptura de plástica de LCA, sometidos a una revisión de LCA combinada con aumentación EAL de Lemaire, realizados entre febrero del 2012 y octubre del 2013. Se tuvieron en cuenta resultados clínicos objetivos y subjetivos con (Lysholm, Tegner, IKDC y Cincinnati Score), estabilidad articular (test de Lachman, pruebas de cajón, Pivot Shift y bostezos varo-valgo) y previo a autorizar el retorno al deporte se evaluó con resonancia magnética y radiografías (RMN y RX). Resultados: Todos los pacientes fueron seguidos hasta el último control. El período de seguimiento fue en promedio 28.1 meses, con cinco pacientes teniendo menos de 2 años y tres pacientes más de 2 años. Los scores clínicos además de las medidas de laxitud articular demostraron resultados satisfactorios. Ningún paciente refirió nuevo episodio de inestabilidad. Conclusión: En base a nuestra experiencia inicial y apoyada en la bibliografía internacional de pacientes tratados con esta técnica, podemos decir que en revisiones del LCA en deportistas de contacto, se puede añadir a la revisión intraarticular una plástica EAL de Lemaire ya que ayuda a un mejor control de la estabilidad rotacional anterolateral.

Introduction: The extra-articular side plastic (EAL) in the knee can be used as a combined procedure in revision surgeries cruciate ligament (ACL). The aim of this work was to write and analyze the results of augmentation technique EAL Lemaire as a review of ACL in young athletes contact. Reporting our initial experience of patients treated with this technique. Methods: Retrospective study of a serie of eight young contact athletes’ patients, the average age was 24 years old, diagnosed with unstable plastic knee ACL rupture, subject to a review of LCA combined with augmentation EAL Lemaire, made between February 2012 and October 2013. Clinical objective and subjective results targets with (Lysholm, Tegner, IKDC and Cincinnati Score), joint stability (Lachman test, testing drawer, pivot shift and yawning varus-valgus) were taken into account and before authorizing the active return to sports practice they were evaluated with radiographs and magnetic resonance (NMR and RX). Results: All patients were followed up until the last control. The follow-up period was 28.1 months on average, with five patients having less than two years and three patients over two years. Clinical scores as well as articular laxity showed satisfactory results. No patients reported new episodes of instability. Conclusion: Based on our initial experience supported by international bibliography about patients treated with this technique we are able to say that in revision of LCA in young contact athletes and Intraarticular Plastic Lemaire EAL can be added. It will help to control rotational stability decreasing extracharge in the intraarticular plastic.

Three-way translocation (X;20;16)(p11;q13;q23) in essential thrombocythemia implicates NFATC2 in dysregulation of CSF2 expression and megakaryocyte proliferation.

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm essentially characterized by excessive production of platelets. Molecular pathogenesis of ET is linked in approximately half of the patients to intracellular cytokine signaling dysregulation as a result of thrombopoietin receptor or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutations. However, genetic defects underlying cytokine transcription have not been associated with ET. Using molecular cytogenetics and whole-genome array analyses, we uncovered a submicroscopic deletion at 20q13.2 in a JAK2V617F-positive ET patient with an acquired complex chromosome translocation. The deletion encompassed the nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 2 (NFATC2) gene that encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of hematopoietic cytokines. RNA interference-mediated suppression of NFATC2 mRNA or pharmacological inhibition of NFATC2 protein with 11R-VIVIT in cultured JAK2V617F-positive SET-2 megakaryocytes increased colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) (CSF2) mRNA and promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, impairment of NFATC2-calcineurin interaction with 11R-VIVIT further reduced the transcription of the NFATC2 gene. Antibody-mediated neutralization of CSF2 cytokine in inhibitor-treated cells prevented 11R-VIVIT-induced cell proliferation, indicating that impairment of NFATC2-calcineurin interaction promotes megakaryocyte proliferation through up-regulation of CSF2 transcription. Our results suggest a model in which haplo-insufficiency of NFATC2 cooperates with activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of JAK2V617F-positive ET with del(20q). These results further indicate that pathogenesis of ET may be linked to genetic defects of other transcription factor genes involved in the regulation of cytokine expression.